The first combat mission, Operation Arc Light, was flown by B-52Fs on 18 June 1965, when 30 bombers of the 9th and 441st Bombardment Squadrons struck a communist stronghold near the Bến Cát District in South Vietnam. [137] The J57 engines proved unreliable.
The US commitment to NATO has been called into question following President Donald Trump's repeated criticism of member countries for not meeting the recommended alliance target of 2% of GDP on defense.
The XB-55 project did not result in construction of a prototype.
The B-52 has also continued in service because there has been no reliable replacement.
The Politics of Strategic Aircraft Modernization.
Between 1952 and 1962, Boeing built 744 B-52s in a total of eight versions, designated A through H. The B-52A was primarily a test version.
The B-52D models have the distinction of being the last bombers in aviation history to have shot down enemy aircraft during wartime with machine guns (tail gunners);[1] two Vietnam War “MiG killer” bombers are currently preserved and on display at Fairchild AFB and the United States Air Force Academy. There was a major disagreement between the engine manufacturer and the propeller manufacturer over whether the Allison T40-A-2 driveshaft was strong enough to take the forces caused at high revolutions per minute of the propellers. Modified to carry air-launched cruise missiles and Miniature Air Launched Decoy. 8 Pratt & Whitney engines TF33-P-3/103 turbofan, 5 (aircraft commander, pilot, radar navigator, navigator and electronic warfare officer. The upgrades were: These modifications increased weight by nearly 24,000 lb (10,900 kg), and decreased operational range by 8–11%.
", "B-52 Stratofortress History- United States Nuclear Forces", "'BUFF' and Tough: the B-52 bomber has been a valuable and effective member of the Air Force since 1955.
Built to carry nuclear weapons for Cold War-era deterrence missions, the B-52 Stratofortress replaced the Convair B-36 Peacemaker.
[142][Note 4]. [230] On 10 January 2016, a B-52 overflew parts of South Korea escorted by South Korean F-15Ks and U.S. F-16s in response to the supposed test of a hydrogen bomb by North Korea. The armament was to consist of an unspecified number of 20 mm cannon and 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) of bombs.
[162] While the external payload remained at 24 of 500 lb (227 kg) or 750 lb (340 kg) bombs, the internal capacity increased from 27 to 84 for 500 lb bombs, or from 27 to 42 for 750 lb bombs.
", "NASA SP-4006, Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1965: Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy. [117] The 2019 "Safety Rules for U.S. Strategic Bomber Aircraft" manual subsequently confirmed the removal of B61-7 and B83-1 gravity bombs from the B-52H' approved weapons configuration. These minefields would force the Soviet fleet to disperse, making individual ships more vulnerable to Harpoon attacks. After the first three nights, the B-52s moved to high-altitude missions instead, which reduced their effectiveness and psychological impact compared to the low altitude role initially played. [96] Because the aircraft has eight engines, asymmetrical thrust due to the loss of an engine in flight would be minimal and correctable with the narrow rudder. The XB-55 had a projected top speed of 490 mph (790 km/h) and a cruising speed of 435 mph (700 km/h), with a maximum weight of 153,000 lb (69,000 kg), a wingspan of 135 ft (41 m), and length of 118.9 ft (36.2 m).[1].
[184] The remainder were retired between 1982 and 1983. [207][208], In the 1970s, the US Navy worried that combined attack from Soviet bombers, submarines and warships could overwhelm its defenses and sink its aircraft carriers. This increases the number of guided weapons (Joint Direct Attack Munition or JDAM) a B-52 can carry and reduces the need for guided bombs to be carried on the wings.
It improved the aircraft's self-protection capability in the dense Soviet air defense environment.
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