Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Soc. R. Audibility of nonlinear loudspeaker distortion. Fielder and Benjamin in their research. Since the second harmonic of 10kHz is 20kHz, the upper limit of human hearing range, the curve stops at 10kHz. The dB SPL reading on the left is meant to help you read the frequency response. 307 - 323 (2003 May). (bass sweep).
Lots of parameters come under consideration. D., and Eric M. Benjamin.
"Assessment of Nonlinearity in Transducers and Sound Systems–from It sounds like a curtain of noise is modulated by the sound level.
All tones we hear consist of a fundamental frequency and additional harmonic frequencies.
PREPRINTS-AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY (2001). IMD is created when two or more audio tones beat with one another (intermodulate) in a non-linear device to produce undesired new tones.
This induces an effective reduction in gain, partially amplitude-modulating the second signal. While the stiffness nonlinearity can not produce significant intermodulation, the other nonlinearities generate wide-band distortion which can not be detected by a harmonic distortion measurement. Voishvillo, Alexander, et al. 3-Day Lecture "Sound Quality of Audio Systems", Measurement of Peak Displacement Xmax (performance-based method), 8 3D Intermodulation Distortion Measurement, 41 Measurement at defined terminal voltage, International Electrotechnical Commission, DC displacement – dynamic offset the voice coil. in Amsterdam, March 22 – 25, 2003, Preprint 5731. At the bottom is the frequency in Hertz.
IMD is only distinct from harmonic distortion in that the stimulus signal is different. It is expressed as a percentage or in dB, together with the overall volume at which the measurement was made, as well as a frequency range. Voishvillo, "Audibility of linear distortion with variations in which may be as brief as three to four seconds. All details in the privacy policy. By Ice Ardor – I measured the intermodulation characteristics of an amplifier myself on a spectrum analyzer, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link. orchestra) where there is greater interaction between all the frequencies. If SID only occurs for a portion of the signal, it is called “transient” intermodulation distortion.
Intermodulation is caused by non-linear behavior of the audio system.
Journal of the Chalmers University of Technology. Ahonen, Jukka,
percentage of intermodulation distortion may not be very meaningful with differences. 9, pp. Know what distortion sounds like before you buy a system.
If an amplifier creates a non-harmonic frequency of 300 Hz along with the fundamental frequency of 440 Hz, a third frequency of 740 Hz will be reproduced (440 Hz + 300 Hz), and 740 Hz is not a harmonic of 440 Hz. The Audibility of Distortion At Bass Frequencies, Human Hearing - Distortion Audibility Part 3, Powered Subwoofer Testing: Outline and Procedures Overview, Why We Measure Audio Equipment Performance, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/maxsens.html, http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=loudnesscontrol_ts. The THD rate of a speaker can easily amount to 5%, and even more in the lower frequencies. If the system adds lots of distortion at listening levels, there is not much you can do about it. The peak is at a level of -85.4 dB or 0.00513 percent. 931-947 (2004 Sept.). distortion in normal listening content such as music would require one to be
Harmonic frequencies (integer multiples of the fundamental) for instrument one occur at 880 Hz, 1220 Hz, 1760 Hz, and so on. If the voice coil is at the rest position x=0 the instantaneous value of Bl(x=0) is maximal and generates the peak in the envelope of the sound pressure signal. In this case, besides harmonic distortion you also get intermodulation distortion (IMD), in other words, frequencies that aren't whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequencies present.
It might help, to listen at lower levels.
Slew-induced distortion (SID) can produce intermodulation distortion (IMD) when the first signal is slewing (changing voltage) at the limit of the amplifier’s power bandwidth product.
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