Specific local geological, geomorphological, and geostructural features can induce high levels of shaking on the ground surface even from low-intensity earthquakes. [42], With the rapid growth of mega-cities such as Mexico City, Tokyo and Tehran in areas of high seismic risk, some seismologists are warning that a single quake may claim the lives of up to three million people. In addition, there exists a hierarchy of stress level in the three fault types. Its epicenter was in … The longest earthquake ruptures on strike-slip faults, like the San Andreas Fault (1857, 1906), the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey (1939), and the Denali Fault in Alaska (2002), are about half to one third as long as the lengths along subducting plate margins, and those along normal faults are even shorter. This effect is called site or local amplification. This story was automatically generated by Quakebot, a computer application that monitors the latest earthquakes detected by the USGS. An earthquake may cause injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage, general property damage, and collapse or destabilization (potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings. This continues until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity, suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. Market data provided by Factset. [13], All tectonic plates have internal stress fields caused by their interactions with neighboring plates and sedimentary loading or unloading (e.g., deglaciation).
The earthquake occurred less than a mile from Seal Beach, one mile from Westminster, two miles from Midway City and three miles from Garden Grove. The number of seismic stations has increased from about 350 in 1931 to many thousands today. ", "Quake 'swarm' shakes Southern California", "Poseidon's Horses: Plate Tectonics and Earthquake Storms in the Late Bronze Age Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean", http://dapgeol.tripod.com/usgsearthquakemagnitudepolicy.htm, USGS Earthquake statistics table based on data since 1900, "Seismicity and earthquake hazard in the UK", "Earthquake Facts and Statistics: Are earthquakes increasing? 3 km/s (1.9 mi/s) up to 13 km/s (8.1 mi/s), depending on the density and elasticity of the medium.
An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its hypocenter or focus. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally, volcanic activity. The effects of earthquakes include, but are not limited to, the following: Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures. There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an interplate earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust), and strike-slip. They are different from earthquakes followed by a series of aftershocks by the fact that no single earthquake in the sequence is obviously the main shock, so none has a notable higher magnitude than another.
Subsequent scales are also adjusted to have approximately the same numeric value within the limits of the scale. A magnitude 3.2 earthquake hit at 3:50 a.m. near Kawaihae at a depth of about 16 miles, while a 12:11 p.m., a temblor measuring 3.0 struck near the center of Mauna Kea at about the same depth. A magnitude 2.5 earthquake was reported Friday at 11:19 p.m. in Huntington Beach, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Every tremor produces different types of seismic waves, which travel through rock with different velocities: Propagation velocity of the seismic waves through solid rock ranges from approx. Despite considerable research efforts by seismologists, scientifically reproducible predictions cannot yet be made to a specific day or month. [65][66] The ten largest recorded earthquakes have all been megathrust earthquakes; however, of these ten, only the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is simultaneously one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. 7.1 vs 7.2 Earthquake.
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